Physics

Proposes the first protocol that reconstructs the inverse-temperature four-vector β^μ as a unified observable from passive electromagnetic fluctuation correlations. A dimensionless E–B cross-spectral ratio yields drift velocity directly from Lorentz mixing of the field-strength tensor; angle-resolved noise power governed by the covariant fluctuation–dissipation theorem provides rest-frame temperature without absolute calibration. Enables the first direct experimental test of the Lorentz covariance of thermal equilibrium.

Derives the Hawking–Unruh thermal spectrum from the inaffinity eigenvalue equation ξ^ν∇_νξ^μ = κξ^μ alone — without coordinates, metric, or Kruskal construction. The Planck factor emerges as a geometric corollary via positive-frequency admissibility and symplectic projection.

The Bekenstein–Hawking entropy S = k_BA/4ℓ_P² carries a 1/4 coefficient that many approaches to quantum gravity have computed microscopically. This paper shows it instead arises from the causal geometry of any null boundary in a four-dimensional Lorentzian spacetime: a heuristic accessibility argument supported by a purely geometric derivation using the canonical symplectic structure on the cotangent bundle and the causal splitting of the space of null rays — with no gravitational field equations invoked.

Shows that a black hole horizon carries exactly one nat of information per Planck cell — without any assumption about what a black hole is made of. The only inputs are entropy as a measure of irreducible uncertainty and the black hole as a complete scrambler: by the Ehrenfest time the Wigner function has stretched and folded so that each Planck cell holds a finite but unresolved number of filament crossings whose order is real yet inaccessible, and counting one cell gives e — one nat. With N = A/ℓ_P² cells the multiplicity is Ω = e^A/ℓP² and S = N; applying the kinematic 1/4 factor proven in the companion paper recovers the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy.

Resolves the 150-year-old Loschmidt paradox by showing that irreversibility emerges from the intersection of quantum mechanics and classical chaos. Chaos exponentially amplifies irreducible ℏ-scale uncertainty until stable manifolds contract below quantum resolution, rendering time-reversed trajectories physically inaccessible despite being mathematically valid.

Explores generic initial conditions for axion-SU(2) inflation without assuming slow-roll dynamics. Finds that some anisotropic parameter space leads to premature inflation termination, but the basin of attraction increases when the axion-SU(2) system acts as a spectator sector.

Derives constraints on the primordial gravitational wave spectrum using the effective number of relativistic species. Shows how CMB observations can constrain inflationary models through their gravitational wave predictions.

Demonstrates that standard analytic approximations for inflationary observables break down for small-field models with running spectral index. Numerical precision is required even for tensor-to-scalar ratios as small as r=0.001.