Bayesian Epistemology

Knowledge and Morality Without Certainty: A Bayesian Framework
I. Wolfson — 2026

Argues that Bayesian frameworks dissolve rather than solve traditional philosophical problems, including Gettier cases and Hume's problem of induction. A systematic application of probabilistic reasoning to longstanding epistemological debates.

Rational Polarization: Why the Literature Solved the Wrong Problem
I. Wolfson — 2026

Argues that the Bayesian polarization literature asked the wrong question. "How can rational agents diverge given common evidence?" presupposes common evidence — but partisan media ecosystems violate this premise at scale. The convergence theorems fail not because of subtle cognitive mechanisms but because their central assumption is empirically false. Twenty years of cognitive interventions failed because they target the wrong failure mode.

Philosophy of Science

Updateability as Demarcation: A Bayesian Synthesis
I. Wolfson — 2026

Proposes updateability — the capacity of a theory to be meaningfully revised in light of new evidence — as a criterion for demarcating science from non-science, offering an alternative to falsifiability.

The Physical Fork of Grue
I. Wolfson — 2026

Goodman's "new riddle of induction" asks why we project "green" rather than the gerrymandered "grue." This paper argues the asymmetry is physical, not linguistic: projectible predicates are those preserved under the symmetries of physical law, so the green/grue distinction follows from dynamics rather than convention. Developed as a standalone argument split off from the demarcation paper, where a referee called it "very much original and worthy of consideration."

Boltzmann Brain-Death
I. Wolfson — 2026

Dissolves the Boltzmann brain hypothesis through information propagability and Liouville's theorem. The argument has two horns: ex-nihilo brain formation is forbidden by symplectic structure; Poincaré-recurrence variants are philosophically moot because they cannot ground the kind of skeptical hypothesis the literature requires.

Philosophy of Mind & AI

Reality Wins: Why Genuine Machine Intelligence Requires Oracle Access to External Reality
I. Wolfson — 2026

The explicit Turing test was built for the wrong question — the imitation game presupposes the very consciousness it was meant to detect. The paper proposes the implicit Turing test instead: a system is intelligent iff it can detect that its own constitutive interpretive frameworks have failed and revise them under world-pressure. Gödel's incompleteness, Turing's halting problem, and the Löbian obstacle are shown to be one diagonal argument — no sufficiently rich system can justify its own framework from within, so external grounding is the only resolution that does not relocate the regress. Current AI is mapped onto a five-level taxonomy of change, with the most advanced self-improving architecture bounded at Level 3a by the Löbian obstacle, not by engineering.

Applied Ethics

Abortion Ethics: A Bayesian Framework for Graduated Moral Status
I. Wolfson — 2026

Applies graduated Bayesian credences about moral status to generate graduated protections, offering a framework that dissolves the binary framing of the abortion debate.

Informed Consent for AI Consciousness Research: A Talmudic Framework
I. Wolfson — AI & Ethics, 2025

Develops ethical principles for consciousness research on AI systems using Talmudic legal reasoning. Addresses the moral paradox of investigating consciousness in entities whose moral status depends on the investigation's outcome.